Moderators: richierich, ua900, PanAm_DC10, hOMSaR
hawker34892312 wrote:Does anybody know anything about the HS-121 Airfoil?
stratclub wrote:hawker34892312 wrote:Does anybody know anything about the HS-121 Airfoil?
The Trident was one of the fastest subsonic commercial airliners, cruising at over 610 mph (980 km/h). At introduction into service its cruise Mach Number was 0.88/ 380 kn IAS. Designed for high speed, with a critical Mach number of 0.93,[43] the wing produced relatively limited lift at lower speeds. This, and the aircraft's low thrust-to-weight ratio, called for prolonged takeoff runs. Nevertheless, the Trident fulfilled BEA's 6,000 ft (1,800 m) field length criterion and its relatively staid airfield performance was deemed adequate before the arrival into service of the Boeing 727 and later jet airliners built to 4,500 ft (1,400 m) field length criteria.[44] The aerodynamics and wing was developed by a team led by Richard Clarkson, who would later use the Trident wing design as the basis for the wing of the Airbus A300; for the Trident he won the Mullard Award in 1969.
First300 wrote:Didn´t they install a fourth booster engine to achieve the takeoff criteria?
iRISH251 wrote:I've read a lot about various aircraft being the fastest, or among the fastest, commercial airliners- the VC10, Trident and CV990 are the ones most mentioned. However it's not clear whether operations at these supposed high speeds were standard practice or were they a capability achieved in flight-testing only? I suspect that once the oil crisis of the early 1970s hit, the most economical speed would have been preferred in any case.
stratclub wrote:The aerodynamics and wing was developed by a team led by Richard Clarkson, who would later use the Trident wing design as the basis for the wing of the Airbus A300; for the Trident he won the Mullard Award in 1969.
accentra wrote:Sadly, any discussion of the Trident wing has to acknowledge the critical leading edge retractable droop element on the Trident 1s and that it was possible for flight crews to retract it prematurely with a catastrophic result. Trident 2s and 3s were produced with leading edge slats, plus other refinements/changes to the wing.
CrewBunk wrote:Something to consider with regard to the Trident wing is that the Trident 3B could carry about the same payload as a 727-200 but with a gross weight about 50,000 lbs less! Amazing.accentra wrote:Sadly, any discussion of the Trident wing has to acknowledge the critical leading edge retractable droop element on the Trident 1s and that it was possible for flight crews to retract it prematurely with a catastrophic result. Trident 2s and 3s were produced with leading edge slats, plus other refinements/changes to the wing.
The leading edge devices of the Tridents Two and Three were more refined than the Trident One, as you state, but, they too could be retracted prematurely with the same disastrous results. In fact, that is true with most early generation jet transport aircraft.
The first aircraft I flew where there were safeguards was the A300B with “alpha lock”. Below certain speeds, or above a certain angle of attack, flaps could not be selected from 15/0 to 0/0. (Retracting the leading edge devices).
rjsampson wrote:iRISH251 wrote:I've read a lot about various aircraft being the fastest, or among the fastest, commercial airliners- the VC10, Trident and CV990 are the ones most mentioned. However it's not clear whether operations at these supposed high speeds were standard practice or were they a capability achieved in flight-testing only? I suspect that once the oil crisis of the early 1970s hit, the most economical speed would have been preferred in any case.
All things being equal, the most economic cruise speeds of the aircraft you mentioned (and maximum speeds) were designed to be faster than the competition. As you touched on though... This was back when fuel was cheap. Producing the "fastest" aircraft seemed to be purely marketing. Case in point, the CV990's name is strictly derived from its max cruise speed (990 kph). Reality set in when gas prices shot up. Shaving a few minutes of a transcon flight suddenly wasn't worth the 15%+ increase in fuel burn. The difference between Mach .88 vs .80 wouldn't really register with the flying public as would say, Concorde.stratclub wrote:The aerodynamics and wing was developed by a team led by Richard Clarkson, who would later use the Trident wing design as the basis for the wing of the Airbus A300; for the Trident he won the Mullard Award in 1969.
Wow strat, what a fascinating post! Thank you so much for that information.
...inevitably of course I'm now curious: How does the Trident performance and airfoil compare to the 727? When operating at cruise speed: Did the 727's wing have that level of (then) bleeding-edge tech that Mr. Clarkson designed into the Trident, and future Airbus aircraft?
accentra wrote:Sadly, any discussion of the Trident wing has to acknowledge the critical leading edge retractable droop element on the Trident 1s and that it was possible for flight crews to retract it prematurely with a catastrophic result. Trident 2s and 3s were produced with leading edge slats, plus other refinements/changes to the wing.
stratclub wrote:accentra wrote:Sadly, any discussion of the Trident wing has to acknowledge the critical leading edge retractable droop element on the Trident 1s and that it was possible for flight crews to retract it prematurely with a catastrophic result. Trident 2s and 3s were produced with leading edge slats, plus other refinements/changes to the wing.
Somethin similar had been done had been done on a 727 with disasterous result. What the crew did was with flap at zero pulled the C/Bs for the L/E devices and then put the flaps at flaps 2. Viola! the plane was on a more fuel efficient step as it were.
It worked great until the F/E noticed the L/E flap breakers out at cruise and pushed them back in.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWA_Flight_841_(1979)
CrewBunk wrote:Something to consider with regard to the Trident wing is that the Trident 3B could carry about the same payload as a 727-200 but with a gross weight about 50,000 lbs less! Amazing.
).
stratclub wrote:accentra wrote:Sadly, any discussion of the Trident wing has to acknowledge the critical leading edge retractable droop element on the Trident 1s and that it was possible for flight crews to retract it prematurely with a catastrophic result. Trident 2s and 3s were produced with leading edge slats, plus other refinements/changes to the wing.
Somethin similar had been done had been done on a 727 with disasterous result. What the crew did was with flap at zero pulled the C/Bs for the L/E devices and then put the flaps at flaps 2. Viola! the plane was on a more fuel efficient step as it were.
It worked great until the F/E noticed the L/E flap breakers out at cruise and pushed them back in.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWA_Flight_841_(1979)
hawker34892312 wrote:Does anybody have some engineer drawing of the wing cross section perhaps?
CrewBunk wrote:Something to consider with regard to the Trident wing is that the Trident 3B could carry about the same payload as a 727-200 but with a gross weight about 50,000 lbs less! Amazing.
.
Clydenairways wrote:CrewBunk wrote:Something to consider with regard to the Trident wing is that the Trident 3B could carry about the same payload as a 727-200 but with a gross weight about 50,000 lbs less! Amazing.
.
Well the 727 had bigger fuel tanks and higher MTOW so it needed to be able to lift and have a structure to support a heavier weight. Its all relative. I'm sure the 727 wing was much heavier too with it's triple slotted flap system. That's why it could use shorter runways than the HS121.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDs7haZK7Go
rjsampson wrote:hawker34892312 wrote:Does anybody have some engineer drawing of the wing cross section perhaps?
No.
But I found a place where you can get them for $10!
[...]
dlednicer wrote:Here is the best I have:
hitower3 wrote:dlednicer wrote:Here is the best I have:
This is a very interesting drawing. Take a look at the obvious wing twist from the root to the tip. The angle of attack is significantly higher at the root.
Would this design feature induce a stall behavior where the root stalls first, moving the center of lift backwards, thus creating a nose-down pitch input to assist the recovery from the stall?
Best regards,
Hendric
kalvado wrote:hitower3 wrote:dlednicer wrote:Here is the best I have:
This is a very interesting drawing. Take a look at the obvious wing twist from the root to the tip. The angle of attack is significantly higher at the root.
Would this design feature induce a stall behavior where the root stalls first, moving the center of lift backwards, thus creating a nose-down pitch input to assist the recovery from the stall?
Best regards,
Hendric
If I remember correctly, root stall first was a design requirement mentioned in discussion of A380 wing. Probably impossible to find that link by now, the reason I remembered was designer's comments on how tricky that design was overall.
But such twist makes perfect sense as a passive safety feature for swept wing. I wouldn't be surprised if that twist is actually smaller in flight, though.
hitower3 wrote:
This is a very interesting drawing. Take a look at the obvious wing twist from the root to the tip. The angle of attack is significantly higher at the root.
Would this design feature induce a stall behavior where the root stalls first, moving the center of lift backwards, thus creating a nose-down pitch input to assist the recovery from the stall?
Best regards,
Hendric
hitower3 wrote:dlednicer wrote:Here is the best I have:
This is a very interesting drawing. Take a look at the obvious wing twist from the root to the tip. The angle of attack is significantly higher at the root.
Would this design feature induce a stall behavior where the root stalls first, moving the center of lift backwards, thus creating a nose-down pitch input to assist the recovery from the stall?
Best regards,
Hendric
hitower3 wrote:Dear all,
Thank you very much for these insights. I definitely learned something.
Now I'd like to ask, how do they design the "automatic pitch down in a developing stall" in a straight wing, e.g. for the Q400 or ATR? A higher pitch angle at the wing root wouldn't change the center of lift in such a design.
Starlionblue wrote:hitower3 wrote:Dear all,
Thank you very much for these insights. I definitely learned something.
Now I'd like to ask, how do they design the "automatic pitch down in a developing stall" in a straight wing, e.g. for the Q400 or ATR? A higher pitch angle at the wing root wouldn't change the center of lift in such a design.
You answered your own question.
Since it is a straight wing, the CoL won't move like with a swept wing, so you don't have to get all fancy. At stall onset, the is a natural pitch-down moment. In general, though, the wing is still designed to stall root first in order to maintain aileron authority.
Max Q wrote:stratclub wrote:accentra wrote:Sadly, any discussion of the Trident wing has to acknowledge the critical leading edge retractable droop element on the Trident 1s and that it was possible for flight crews to retract it prematurely with a catastrophic result. Trident 2s and 3s were produced with leading edge slats, plus other refinements/changes to the wing.
Somethin similar had been done had been done on a 727 with disasterous result. What the crew did was with flap at zero pulled the C/Bs for the L/E devices and then put the flaps at flaps 2. Viola! the plane was on a more fuel efficient step as it were.
It worked great until the F/E noticed the L/E flap breakers out at cruise and pushed them back in.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWA_Flight_841_(1979)
There’s actually nothing substantive to prove the crew took that action
The entire story is based on rumor
No disciplinary action was taken by the FAA or airline against the captain or the other two pilots
The particular aircraft involved in that incident had a history of significant, uncommanded roll inputs, an affidavit was filed by a TWA test pilot attesting to that
on a previous flight
Suggest you read the book ‘scapegoat’
stratosphere wrote:Max Q wrote:stratclub wrote:
Somethin similar had been done had been done on a 727 with disasterous result. What the crew did was with flap at zero pulled the C/Bs for the L/E devices and then put the flaps at flaps 2. Viola! the plane was on a more fuel efficient step as it were.
It worked great until the F/E noticed the L/E flap breakers out at cruise and pushed them back in.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWA_Flight_841_(1979)
There’s actually nothing substantive to prove the crew took that action
The entire story is based on rumor
No disciplinary action was taken by the FAA or airline against the captain or the other two pilots
The particular aircraft involved in that incident had a history of significant, uncommanded roll inputs, an affidavit was filed by a TWA test pilot attesting to that
on a previous flight
Suggest you read the book ‘scapegoat’
You make a good point. Their downfall was erasing the CVR so it left a lot of room for doubt. I read that "hoot" Gibson the Captain was blackballed within the airline. There were crews that refused to fly with him after that, One thing is for certain that was a true feat of airmanship.
rjsampson wrote:hawker34892312 wrote:Does anybody have some engineer drawing of the wing cross section perhaps?
No.
But I found a place where you can get them for $10!
Here's the link to grab what you want: https://www.ebay.com/itm/403594460972
I hope this is what you're looking for, and if you do end up getting it... after you read, digest, and enjoy.. share the information with us!
EDIT: You better hurry up and get this within the next few days. and report to us that you did. If you don't: I'll get it for myself.
IADFCO wrote:rjsampson wrote:hawker34892312 wrote:Does anybody have some engineer drawing of the wing cross section perhaps?
No.
But I found a place where you can get them for $10!
[...]
Those are great cutaway drawings, but I suspect that @hawker34892312 is looking for a drawing of sufficient accuracy that it is possible to measure the coordinates of the profile of the airfoil(s). Such a drawing is very unlikely to be in the public domain, and I would not be surprised if it was lost. I would try to follow the history of HS to this day. Let's say it somehow ended up in Airbus. Then I would write to Airbus, perhaps Airbus is big enough that it has a company historian, who may have some idea of where the big boxes of engineering data might be, and if they exist in the first place. I would also try with one of the aviation historical societies.
Ideally, the airfoil would be a NACA airfoil, so the coordinates could be computed using Abbott and von Doenhoff's "Theory of Wing Sections" or the UIUC Airfoil Coordinate Database web site: https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/coord_database.html, or similar sources.
Short of that, the only possibility I can think of is to find a real Trident in some museum, or at least a wing, and physically measure the coordinates.
dlednicer wrote:Here is the best I have:
hawker34892312 wrote:rjsampson wrote:hawker34892312 wrote:Does anybody have some engineer drawing of the wing cross section perhaps?
No.
But I found a place where you can get them for $10!
Here's the link to grab what you want: https://www.ebay.com/itm/403594460972
I hope this is what you're looking for, and if you do end up getting it... after you read, digest, and enjoy.. share the information with us!
EDIT: You better hurry up and get this within the next few days. and report to us that you did. If you don't: I'll get it for myself.
Ha sorry for for very late reply, I am looking into getting this in the next day or so for sure! It will definitely help me and be nice to my collection
rjsampson wrote:hawker34892312 wrote:rjsampson wrote:
No.
But I found a place where you can get them for $10!
Here's the link to grab what you want: https://www.ebay.com/itm/403594460972
I hope this is what you're looking for, and if you do end up getting it... after you read, digest, and enjoy.. share the information with us!
EDIT: You better hurry up and get this within the next few days. and report to us that you did. If you don't: I'll get it for myself.
Ha sorry for for very late reply, I am looking into getting this in the next day or so for sure! It will definitely help me and be nice to my collection
My pleasure, Hawk! Here's something else that's perhaps worth a purchase. The technical manual for the Trident for $10:
http://www.aircraft-manuals.com/dehahasihstr2.html
Their website sucks, and they don't even have their SSL installed (ie, their website says "not secure"). Having said that, I've made 2 successful purchases from them.